Purpose: The main objective of this study is to diagnose the pathology of the retirement law for hard and hazardous jobs, considering workplace pollutants and health standards, and to propose reforms.
Method: This research is descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional, and retrospective. The statistical population consists of all insured persons in the Social Security Organization related to hard and hazardous jobs. The sampling method is random, focusing on retired workers from hard and hazardous jobs, with the use of historical records and required factors for this study. The data collection method includes the use of reputable scientific resources, existing documents and information, observation, and, if necessary, questionnaires. The data analysis method for statistical data is quantitative, while for descriptive data, the qualitative method is used.
Findings: In this study, the laws, regulations, and guidelines related to hard and hazardous jobs, criteria for classifying jobs as hard and hazardous worldwide and in Iran, and international standards were reviewed. The study also examined the status and relationship between harmful factors in the work environment of hard and hazardous jobs, the relationship between harmful factors in the workplace with general and specific factors, and the opinions of 22 experts on the reasons for employers’ reluctance to remove the hard and hazardous classification of Group A jobs and improve the work environment. The findings showed that despite the existence of regulations and guidelines related to hard and hazardous jobs, these are often ignored. There is a need for monitoring by relevant organizations according to their duties and for raising awareness among stakeholders in various sectors. Given the passage of time and changes, some regulations require updating or the creation of new laws.
Conclusion: Based on the conducted analysis, measures such as familiarizing stakeholders with relevant concepts, implementing control actions to preserve and enhance individual health, taking corrective actions inspired by developed countries, amending current laws and regulations, monitoring the proper implementation of laws, involving various organizations, obtaining stakeholders' opinions, updating statistical data, reviewing permissible exposure limits, considering factors influencing the hard and hazardous classification of jobs, developing appropriate laws, regulations, and guidelines, employing proper incentive methods, educating and raising awareness, imposing adequate fines, and ensuring proper monitoring by relevant organizations are necessary.